TNF and liver dysplastic nodule: In DN, many pathways are activated, such as renin–angiotensin–aldosterone, inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as well as several miRNAs such as miR-192, miR-21, miR-29, miR-342, and miR-214 [8,9,10].