Certain authors suggest that TNFα-induced memory consolidation deficits are mediated via the hippocampal expression of IL-1β [73,74], which is also not evident in this study, as hippocampal Il-1β was only slightly elevated in the MGH conditions (p = 0.052), while cognitive deficits were prevalent in the A53T+ animals regardless of microenvironment. Here, TNF is linked to Cognitive impairment.