INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Using Zucker diabetic fatty rats on a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet as an animal model for T2DM, subcutaneous insulin injection (0.5 IU to 13.0 IU over 12 weeks) did not change cortical porosity, bone tissue mineral density, or the bone mechanics (stress and toughness) of the femoral midshaft when compared to untreated diabetic controls [20].