TGFB1 and neoplasm: Notably, enrichment of the pro-oncogenic pathways (ERBBs, ALK, FGF, TGF-β, and TROP2), with leading genes such as DAB2IP, PTPRJ, and PTPRH, and EMT-related terms, with leading genes FGFR4, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, THBS1, suggested that MSC1 cells downregulate these pathways to avoid CAF formation and EMT, maintaining their tumor-suppressive phenotype in the TME.