NFKB1 and neoplasm: Our results align with prior studies implicating MAPKs and AKT in MSC resilience [53] and PI3K/AKT, MAPK, AP-1 complex, and NFkB signaling being activated downstream of LPS-induced TLR4 activation [54], but we extend these findings by linking them to MSC1 cells’ tumor-suppressive behavior.