HGF and neoplasm: Neutrophils, particularly those polarized toward the N2 phenotype, are key contributors to tumor angiogenesis through the secretion of multiple pro-angiogenic factors, including FGF2, VEGF-A, ANGPT1, CXCL8, HGF, and MMP9 [36,104,105,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117], which collectively facilitate tumor vascularization and metastatic spread.