The researchers suggest that TGF-β can enhance vascular structure and integrity while also triggering metalloproteinase activation, SMCs degeneration and apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, promotion of inflammatory processes, and oxidative stress, all of which may contribute to aneurysm development and rupture [5,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to aneurysm.