CALCA and Alzheimer disease: Indeed, despite the upregulation of pro- and even anti-inflammatory cytokines being implicated in the progression of neurodegeneration, cytokines such as IL-2 [58], IL-3 [59], IL-6 [60], IL-9 [61], IL-10 [62], IL-17A [63], and KC [64] have also been shown to enhance microglial phagocytosis and ameliorate AD-like pathology.