In the molecular function category, the upregulated ubiquitination-modified proteins induced by ToBRFV infection involved categories such as channel activity, porin activity, and transmembrane transporter activity, whereas the downregulated ubiquitination-modified proteins included categories such as water transporter activity, ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity, GTPase activity, pyrophosphatase activity, hydrolase activity acting on acid anhydrides, carboxy-lyase activity, and ATP-dependent activity (Figure 4A,B). This evidence concerns the gene VDAC1 and infection.