Objectives: This umbrella meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of the key fluid biomarkers, S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1, neurofilament light chain (NfL)) and tau protein, in detecting mTBI and to clarify their roles as screening, confirmatory, and complementary indicators. Here, NEFL is linked to concussion.