CTLA4 and neoplasm: These include immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti–PD-1, anti–CTLA-4) that restore T cell activity by blocking inhibitory pathways; chemotherapy and radiotherapy that may enhance CAR-T cell infiltration and promote immunogenic tumor cell death; molecularly targeted therapies that modulate tumor signaling pathways; and other immunotherapies, such as cancer vaccines and onco-lytic viruses.