VHL and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Sun et al. reported that the expression of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, and overexpression of the VHL gene could significantly inhibit the HIF-1α/MMP2 and HIF-1α/MMP9 signaling pathways and inhibit the growth rate of pancreatic cancer cells in mice [91].