This review systematically dissects the molecular regulatory networks of TR2/TR4 in erythroid cells, interprets their dual regulatory properties across different stages of erythroid differentiation, and explores the therapeutic potential of targeting TR2/TR4 for treating erythroid-related disorders such as β-thalassemia and SCD, thereby providing novel directions for hematological disorder therapy. The gene discussed is NR2C1; the disease is Schnyder corneal dystrophy.