It has been shown that the new fatty acid metabolite of linoleic acid produced by Lactobacillus plantarum in the gut protects human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line G2(HepG2) cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity, by enhancing the Keap1-Nrf2 activity and its downstream target HO-1, GCLM, and NQO1 gene expression [48]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.