HIF1A and neoplasm: Binding to the CD36 receptor on tumor cells, oxLDL activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, upregulating key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase) while stabilizing HIF-1α to enhance glycolysis in both tumor cells and M2-polarized TAMs [206].