The genes that are differentially expressed in the colon due to SYN are primarily enriched in various signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, oxidative phosphorylation, AGE-RAGE, chemical carcinogenesis–ROS, JAK/STAT, inflammatory bowel disease, Rap1, Ras, NF-κB, cGMP-PKG, EGFR-TKI resistance, TGF-β, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Here, TGFB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.