NF1 and Cognitive impairment: (1)Protection from lung emphysema but induction of lung cancer in mice [140].(2)Overcoming NF1 loss-driven resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in breast cancer [141]; exhibiting anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer [142].(3)Protects against cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments in ovarian cancer [143].(4)Reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma [144,145].