TP53 and cancer: This section summarizes key transcription factors involved in antioxidant regulation, including the Bric-à-brac domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and p53 pathways, while also highlighting the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in managing oxidative stress in cancer cells.