ATG12 and brain ischemia: For example, in a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, miR-155-5p expression was upregulated, leading to accumulation of oxidative stress and blockade of autophagy through inhibition of Nrf2 (a key factor in antioxidant response) and ATG12 (an autophagy-related gene), which exacerbated neuronal injury and infarct expansion [31].