ATM and cancer: Further, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate oxidative stress in cancer by modulating antioxidant defenses (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways), DNA repair mechanisms (ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), and Breast cancer gene (BRCA1)), and mitochondrial functions, thereby maintaining redox balance and genomic stability and controlling apoptosis and proliferation [7].