TNF and silicosis: The ASV and QUE combination therapy significantly ameliorated silicosis pathology, demonstrating marked anti-inflammatory effects through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels, while effectively attenuating pulmonary fibrosis as shown by decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) concentrations following 28 days of treatment.