Notably, a previous study addressed the critical role of macrophages that release HMGB1 in the mesothelioma tissue microenvironment in promoting mesothelioma growth [16].Furthermore, extracellular HMGB1 interacts with pattern recognition receptors to sustain a pro-tumor inflammatory environment, enhancing resistance to immunotherapy [13,45,47]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and neoplasm.