NFKB1 and cancer: It inhibits cancer progression through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis prevention, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin (Table 2), PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and TGF-β signaling pathways across the gastric–colon–brain axis (Figure 5) [132,133,134,135,136].