IRF3 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to pneumonia susceptibility and resistance were identified in several immune-related genes—SLC11A1, CD14, CCL2, TLR1, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, defensin, SP110, SPP1, BP1, A2M, ADORA3, CARD15, IRF3, and SCART1—in Baladi goats affected by pneumonia, compared to a healthy control group, using PCR-DNA sequencing [97].