IFNG and Granuloma: paratuberculosis, following an initial T-cell response, characterized by proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, and IL-2, which would favor the formation of granulomas, there is a shift to a typical humoral Th2 response characterized by enhanced expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 [17].