The gut-restricted TGR5 activation of CA7S [65], the dual TGR5 activation and FXR inhibition of HCA [67], and the FXR-inhibiting and insulin-sensitizing properties of 3-O-acylated bile acids [27] all deserve further high-quality preclinical and clinical studies to determine their therapeutic value for T2DM. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.