HK1 and Other metabolic disease: Moreover, excess 4-OP treatment caused energy metabolism disorder, as demonstrated by the reduction in four ATPase (Na+K+-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase), elevation in four glycolysis genes (HK1, HK2, LDHA, and PGK1), reduction in glycolysis gen (PGAM2), and the elevation in energy-sensing AMPK.