TNF and neuroblastoma: It also induces tau hyperphosphorylation in human neuroblastoma cells, contributing to the aging process of these cells by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and other markers, such as beta-galactosidase and cathepsin B. PG DHC also downregulates a senescence-protective marker called sirtuin-1 [109].