VHL and kidney cancer: In an attempt to define the epigenetic profiling of VHL-related and VHL-unrelated tumors, a study implemented CpG island methylation analysis on 29 VHL disease-related cRCCs, 20 sporadic VHL wild-type cRCCs, 13 papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCCs), 6 samples of normal kidney tissue and 24 kidney cancer cell lines [66].