ELOVL4 and diabetes mellitus: Although changes in the ELOVL4 gene are not linked to the risk of AMD, studies indicate that eyes from people with AMD [33] and those with diabetes [101] have lower levels of VLC-PUFAs and unusual omega-3/omega-6 ratios in both the peripheral retina and macula, probably due to problems with ELOVL4 function [102] and a lack of dietary precursors.