Similarly, recent findings show that flagellin—a component of gut bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae—is enriched in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), where it triggers a TLR5-mediated pro-inflammatory response in pancreatic islets, leading to beta-cell dysfunction characterized by impaired insulin production and secretion [107]. The gene discussed is TLR5; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.