The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is a frequently mutated oncogenic pathway in melanoma, with approximately 50% of patients harboring BRAF mutations, most commonly V600E, which renders tumors sensitive to selective BRAF and MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitors [14,15]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.