Unexpectedly, in contrast to the activity of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways [35,36], the JNK-signaling activity in the retina did not change with age in healthy aging Wistar rats, while manifestation and progression of the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats occurred simultaneously with JNK pathway activation. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.