For a more detailed analysis of the link between the systemic inflammatory reaction and the inflammatory processes in the heart upon AS, this study took a closer look at cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression in myocardium, blood and peripheral organs, and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in blood and myocardium, and uptake of nanoemulsions by peripheral blood immune cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and aortic valve stenosis.