TNF and breast cancer: Previous studies have suggested that elevated levels (IL-6 ≥ 6.81 pg/mL in breast cancer and ≥10 pg/mL in colorectal cancer, and TNF-alpha ≥ 18.93 pg/mL in breast cancer and ≥55 pg/mL in colorectal cancer) of these cytokines are associated with a poorer prognosis in various cancer types, including breast cancer [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29].