AHR and neoplasm: For example, ILA produced by Lactobacillus gallinarum inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vitro.[10] IDA derived from Peptostreptococcus anaerobius acts as an AhR ligand and increases ALDH1A3/NADH levels, inhibiting tumor ferroptosis.[11] This finding suggests that microbial metabolites can modulate ferroptosis in cancer cells.