TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Concerning zinc supplementation, two trials with small sample sizes did not find significant joint effects in RA.61,62 Coenzyme Q10 supplementation was also assessed in RA patients as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance.63 Two RCTs were found, revealing improvements in DAS 28 and inflammatory biomarkers (ESR),64 along with a decrease in cytokine levels (Tumour Necrosis Factors [TNF]) and malondialdehyde.65 Regarding potassium supplementation, an RCT investigated potassium supplementation in female hypokalaemic patients with active RA.