: CAPE (75 mg/kg/day, 8 weeks), a major phenolic compound in Chinese propolis (15–29 mg/g) (Lv et al., 2021), mitigates HFD-induced MASLD by dual mechanisms: (1) inhibiting BSH activity, thereby increasing intestinal TCA and TDCA, which antagonizes FXR signaling; (2) reducing ceramide synthesis and enhancing GLP-1 secretion, collectively improving hepatic lipid metabolism (Zhong et al., 2023). The gene discussed is NR1H4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.