KNG1 and epilepsy: Herein, changes in kininogen levels in the hippocampus (Figures 3A–C) but not in the cortex (Figures 3D–F) suggest that the regulation of kininogen synthesis and/or degradation takes place in the resident brain cells (Dendorfer et al., 1997) of the seizure-initiation related areas such as the hippocampus that may be involved in the quickened onset of epilepsy, through direct or indirect means.