PLN and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: To date, multiple pathogenic PLN variants have been identified in patients with a range of clinical cardiac phenotypes that include arrhythmogenic (ACM), dilated (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (Kranias and Hajjar, 2017; Vafiadaki et al., 2023; Mattiazzi and Kranias, 2024).