Univariate analysis in training group showed significant differences in emergency surgery, heart failure, arrhythmia, NLR ≥ 11.2, Hb ≤ 112 (g/L), D-dimer ≥ 3.6 (mg/L), Alb ≤ 34.7 (g/L), and ICU admission rate between the MACCE and NMACCE patients (P < 0.05), as shown in Supplementary Table S3. Here, ALB is linked to cardiac arrhythmia.