HLA-A and cancer: TCRs that target additional HLA types or engage with a broader range of HLA-A*02 alleles are sorely needed, alongside interventions to promote clinical trial recruitment, enrollment, and retention for underrepresented patient populations.49 Continued development of HLA-independent cancer vaccines (including mRNA vaccines) and bispecific T-cell engagers may ensure all patients have access to these promising therapies while proactively countering these anticipated disparities.