These involve the expression of checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1, on tumor cells (34); the secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines, including TGF-β and IL-10, in the tumor microenvironment (35, 36); and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and Tregs (37). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.