HSE is a rare complication of HSV1 infection and presents in children with single-gene inborn errors of the TLR-3 pathway, including TLR-3, TRIF, UNC93B1, TRAF3, TBK1, and IRF3 (30, 35, –, 37, 124, 168). Here, TRAF3 is linked to herpes simplex encephalitis.