ESM1 and cancer: demonstrated that a subpopulation of bladder CAFs (SLC14A1+ CAFs), promotes cancer stemness in bladder cancer cells via the WNT5A signaling pathway, thereby contributing to tumor aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance.[25] In this study, we identified a distinct mechanism whereby MMP11+ mCAFs regulate the migration of ESM1+ tEC through a WNT5A‐mediated ncWNT signaling axis.