The fetal programming hypothesis further elucidates vitamin A's dual metabolic imprinting: late‐pregnancy deficiency downregulates fetal hepatic IGF‐1 synthesis (50% expression reduction; Leigh and Kaynak 2020), reshaping growth axis hormone patterns and elevating adult‐onset insulin resistance risk (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15–2.58) (Galli et al. 2024). Here, IGF1 is linked to Insulin resistance.