In our study, the superior efficacy of benmelstobart + anlotinib + chemotherapy further supported the underlying synergistic action of anti-PD-L1 antibody and antiangiogenic agent with chemotherapy combination, in which the reversal of VEGF-mediated immunosuppression by anlotinib and chemotherapy-induced cell death potentiated T-cell-mediated killing activated by benmelstobart in the tumor microenvironment (Lin et al., 2018; Fukumura et al., 2018; Galon and Bruni, 2019). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.