CCL2 and COVID-19: Abers et al. (2021) rreported that increased serum CCL3 level was directly associated with the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19. A study demonstrated that higher serum concentrations of CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1a, and CCL5/RANTES was observed in COVID-19 patients and these cytokines play an important role in causing inflammatory complication (Hu, Huang & Yin, 2021).