NFKB1 and escherichia coli infection: utilized the Olink Immune Response Panel, consisting of 92 immune‐related proteins, to identify BD‐associated proteins and found 43 differentially expressed proteins in BD patients.[11] The most significantly downregulated pathways included Toll‐like receptor 9 and NF‐κB signaling, alongside infection‐related pathways such as toxoplasmosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, Epstein‐Barr virus infection, HIV‐1 infection, malaria, and tuberculosis, underscoring the critical role of pathogenic infection in BD pathogenesis.