KEGG pathway analysis results were similarly ranked based on enrichment score values (Fig 2D), revealing that these differentially expressed AF-related miRNAs were most closely associated with proteoglycan syndecan-mediated signaling events (38.6%, P < 0.001), syndecan-1-mediated signaling events (37.2%, P < 0.001), the TRAIL signaling pathway (37.2%, P < 0.001), and the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway (36.7%, P < 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene SDC1 and atrial fibrillation.