ALB and Hepatic fibrosis: Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of novel biomarkers, particularly type-IV collagen—a basement membrane protein that accumulates during the progression of liver fibrosis—in predicting surgical outcomes.14–16 In addition to the novel fibrosis marker, conventional laboratory parameters, including Alb,17–19 a liver-synthesized protein reflecting nutritional status and hepatic function, and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR), a standardized coagulation test for determining liver synthetic capacity,11,20,21 have also shown promise in risk stratification.