PDCD1 and neoplasm: Studies have shown that IL‐12 can indirectly regulate the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway via IFN‐γ, and the upregulation of this pathway promotes tumor immune escape.[37] Despite the observed PD‐1 upregulation, the cmExoaCD11b platform demonstrated strong immunostimulatory effects, which we attribute to its ability to reprogram TME.